热门搜索

托福听力6种强调努力学习特征1秒看破技巧分享

来源：学大教育

2023-05-09 11:47:00 | 阅读：109

进入 >

托福听力给予考生的一个挑战就是如何准确判断听力素材中哪些才是出题和解题关键线索内容。今天小编给大家带来托福听力6种强调考点特征1秒看破技巧分享，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福听力6种强调考点特征1秒看破技巧分享

1)含义强调

听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上就给我们以震撼或触动的词或结构”。比如：“Especially”一词后面的内容一定是考点，因为它本身就表示“尤其是”，体现了ETS的“求异思想”。再比如：“new theory”周围也一定存在考点，因为这体现了ETS的“求新思想”。

有时ETS 为强调某事，还特意用一些极其显而易见的表达方式提醒我们，例如：“indeed(真正得)”、“certainly(当然)”、 “Just remember(一定要记住)”、“And again.(再说一遍)”、“special feature(特殊的特征)”、 “Most importantly(最为重要的是)”、“One thing I should mention(我应该提及的是……)”、 “Make / Be sure to…(一定要……)”等等。更多的含义强调词还靠大家自己积累和体会。

2)解释强调

要特别注意那些“本身含义上带有解释性质的词或结构”。比如：“…, which is / that is…(那就是说……)”显然，“which is / that is…”引导的定语从句是ETS为防止我们考生听不懂前面的内容(生僻的词或概念)，而特意添加上去，用来进一步加以解释的。

所以这种解释性的定语从句理所当然就成了强调考点所在的重要标志。类似的结构如“What I mean is…”、 “All that means is…”等等不胜枚举。

3)举例强调

要特别注意那些“带有举例或列举性质的词或结构”。比如：“for example…(例如……)”因为例子总比道理简单易懂得多。ETS清楚地知道：考生明白了后面的举例，自然也就理解了前面的概念，然后再考前面的概念也就顺理成章了。

这点显然跟解释原则类似。所以这种举例或列举式的结构也成了强调考点所在的重要标志。类似的结构如“for instance”、“such as…”“namely…”、“as an example”、 “take example for ”等等不胜枚举。

4)级别强调

听段子时，要特别注意那些“带有级别比较(比较级或特出级)性质的词或结构”。比如：“much higher than…(比……高得多)”，因为有比较就有观点，是观点就是考点。

所以这种带有级别比较(比较级或特出级)性质的词或结构也成了表明考点所在的重要标志。类似的结构还有“-er”、“-est”“more”、“most”、“mostly”、“first”、“last”、“majority(多数派)”、 “minority(少数派)”、“above all(首要的是)”等等举不胜举。

5)结论强调

听段子时，要特别注意那些“带有结论、总结性质的词或结构”。比如：“I concluded that…(我的结论是……)”，不可否认，结论性言语在哪里都是最重要的，所以这种带有结论、总结性质的词或结构也标志着考点的存在。

类似的结构还有“conclusion”、 “summarize”、“make a summary(总结)”、“in brief(概括说)”、“in short(简而言之)”、 “in a word(简而言之)”、“in a conclusion”、“finally”、“all in all”、“to sum up”等等举不胜举。

6)对比强调

听段子时，还要特别注意那些“带有对比性质的词或结构”。比如：“compare to…(与……相比)”这种带有对比性质的词或结构也标志着考点就在周围。类似的结构还有“unlike(不象)”、“similar to(与……类似)”、“in contrast to(与……对照)”、 “differently”、“alike(象)”、“resemble(类似)” “on the other hand” “instead” “likewise” “in the same way”等等。

2020托福听力练习：鸡味可驱蚊防疟疾

In Africa's battle against malaria, two low-tech tactics—insecticides and bed nets—have done a decent job killing off mosquitoes. "But it's mainly one species that's been affected. That's a species called Anopheles gambiae, often referred to the African malaria mosquito." Rickard Ignell, a chemical ecologist at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.

He says, despite that success, the problem is far from solved. For one, mosquitoes are developing resistance to insecticides. And two, there are many other species that can spread the disease. Including one that's common in the horn of Africa: Anopheles arabiensis.

Unlike the pickier gambiae, its palate is wide-ranging. Arabiensis sucks the blood of cattle, sheep, goats. But… not chickens. "Chickens like mosquitoes. So they'll actively feed on mosquitoes and other insects. So avoiding chickens could be a way of surviving, and evolving a way of smelling the chickens could be an early warning system for them."

And it turns out, that aversion to chickens can be used against the insects. Ignell and his colleagues isolated chemical compounds from chicken feathers, and dispensed them next to a human sleeping under a bed net—a human lure. And they found that fewer mosquitoes came round for a snack, due to the repellent chemicals. The findings appear in the Malaria Journal.

Ignell says this chicken cologne won't be immediately available. "Ideally the world would be like that, that we could bottle it up and send it off and they don't have to pay anything. But that's not the case usually." Luckily, there's an equally effective substitute. "We can actually reduce the number of mosquitoes indoors by just using a chicken. So that's probably the cheapest option."

非洲在对抗疟疾时用了两种低科技手段：杀虫剂和蚊帐，这两种方法有效地杀死了蚊子。“但是，这两种方法只能对一个物种产生影响。这个物种是冈比亚按蚊，常被称为非洲疟蚊。”瑞典农业科学大学的化学生态学家理查德·伊格内尔说道。

他表示，虽然这两种方法取得了成功，但问题远远没有解决。一方面，蚊子已经对杀虫剂产生了抗药性。另一方面，还有很多其它物种可以传播疾病。其中一个物种就是在非洲之角这一地区常见的阿拉伯按蚊。

与更为挑剔的冈比亚按蚊不同，阿拉伯按蚊的口味更为广泛。阿拉伯按蚊会吸牛、绵羊、山羊的血，但是……却不会吸鸡的血。“首先，鸡喜欢蚊子。所以它们会以蚊子和其他昆虫为食。因此，对蚊子来说，不吸鸡的血可能是一种生存方式，而使闻鸡类味道的能力得到进化可以成为早期预警系统。”

事实证明，可以利用这种对鸡类的厌恶感来对抗昆虫。伊格内尔和同事从鸡的羽毛中分离出化合物，然后将这种化合物放置在睡在蚊帐里的人类的旁边，这是一种人为诱惑。他们发现，由于讨厌这种化学物质，很少有蚊子会进入蚊帐吸血。这项研究结果发表在《疟疾杂志》上。

伊格内尔表示，现在还不能马上提供这种鸡味古龙香水。“最理想的情况是，我们可以把它装进瓶子里，然后让味道散发出去，它们不需要付出什么。但是显然情况并非如此。”幸运的是，有一个同样有效的替代品，“我们可以用一只鸡来减少室内蚊子的数量。可能这是的选择。”

讲解：

kill off 被全部杀死;被灭绝;

例句：Their natural predators have been killed off.

它们的天敌被全部杀死。

2. be far from 根本不;远远不;

例句：His explanation was far from satisfactory.

他的解释一点也不令人满意。

3. turn out 结果发现;结果是;

例句：It turned out to be a wild-goose chase.

结果证明这只不过是一场徒劳。

4. due to 由于;因为;

例句：Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend.

在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。

2020托福听力练习：加固水坝有利鱼类繁殖

In the early 19th century the fur industry reached what was then known as the Oregon Territories. Lewis and Clark found massive numbers of Pacific salmon and steelhead trout there, swimming among the beaver dams scattered across the Columbia River Basin.

But in an effort to starve American interests, Canada's Hudson's Bay Company tried to create a "fur desert" by killing off as many fur-bearing animals as they could. As a result, beavers had all but disappeared from the area by the year 1900. And once the beavers and their dams were gone, fish populations dropped.

Today, steelhead trout numbers in the region continue to fall. But scientists and government agencies are working to restore their habitats.

"We're looking for restoration approaches in these areas to recover ESA-listed species, but we really don't know what works and what doesn't." Nick Bouwes of the environmental consulting firm Eco Logical Research and Utah State University.

He says that the U.S. spends a billion dollars each year to restore watersheds, but without any real empirical information to guide those efforts. So Bouwes and his team tested the idea that by helping beavers, they could help the fish.

Dams naturally alter the flow of streams, providing fish with a variety of suitable habitats. But the watersheds have become so degraded that there's not enough woody vegetation available for the beavers to build strong dams. The flimsy ones they do build get washed away whenever there's a big storm.

"The idea was, can we reinforce these dams so that they maintain their integrity during high flows, and can be maintained by beavers to capture that sediment, to reconnect that floodplain?"

For seven years, the researchers compared Bridge Creek, which had lots of artificially strengthened dams, to Murderer's Creek, which had none. And in Bridge Creek, the fish flourished—despite the view held by some that beaver dams are bad for fish. The results are in the journal Scientific Reports.

"Beavers, they're really good at making a mess of a system, and it's that messiness that's exactly what we're looking for, by creating more complex fish habitat."

And costing just $11,000 for each kilometer of stream, artificial dam reinforcements are much cheaper than conventional restoration methods—since the beavers do most of the work for us. And that is a dam good deal.

毛皮行业在19世纪早期进入到当时盛名的奥勒冈领土。刘易斯和克拉克发现，大量的太平洋鲑鱼和硬头鳟在哥伦比亚河流域的海狸水坝中游来游去。

但是为了节制美国的利益，加拿大哈德逊湾公司试图创建一个“毛皮沙漠”，尽可能多地杀死毛皮类动物。因此，海狸在1900年时几乎消失殆尽。一旦海狸和它们创造出来的水坝都不见了，鱼类数量就会开始下降。

现在，该地区的硬头鳟数量仍在继续下跌。但是科学家和政府机构正在努力恢复它们的栖息地。

“我们正在这些领域寻找修复方法以恢复ESA名单上的物种，但我们真的不知道哪种方法有效，哪种方法没有作用。”这是环境咨询公司生态研究公司和犹他州立大学的研究人员尼克·鲍威斯所说。

他说，美国每年在恢复流域方面花费10亿美元，但是没有任何实证信息来指导这些努力。所以鲍威斯和他的团队试试了通过帮助海狸来帮助鱼类的办法。

大坝可以自然地改变河流的流动，为鱼类提供各种合适的栖息地。但由于水域质量严重下降，导致没有足够的木本植物供海狸建造坚固的水坝。只要有大风暴来袭，它们建造的劣质水坝就会被冲走。

“我们的想法是，能不能通过加强这些水坝使它们在高流动性期间保持完整性，由海狸采集沉积物去填补洪泛区来保持完整性?”

七年来，研究者将有过很多人工加固水坝经历的Bridge Creek与没有人工加固水坝经历的Murderer's Creek,相比较。虽然有观点认为海狸水坝对鱼类有害，不过在Bridge Creek，鱼类大量繁殖起来。这项研究成果刊登在《科学》杂志上。

“海狸非常擅长扰乱系统，而这种干扰正是我们所需要的，因为这样能创造出更多复合鱼类栖息地。”

与传统修复方法相比，每公里河流花费1.1万美元的人工加固大坝更加便宜，因为海狸为我们做了大部分工作。这是一桩相当划算的交易。

讲解：

1. kill off 全部杀死;灭绝;