托福听力常见解题思维陷阱讲解

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托福听力如何提升正确率?常见解题思维陷阱讲解

托福听力解题思维陷阱：由关键词引发的错误

托福听力陷阱选项中有一种迷惑型极强的选项，里面包含了原文中的某些关键词，但是整句话做了细节篡改导致似是而非，有些同学由于只看到关键词而没有仔细翻译整个选项的意思就做出选择导致选错。

举个例子：

What characteristic of no to the nioids helps them survive in subfreezing temperatures?

A. They maintain an unusually high body temperature.

B. A special tissue in their eyes enables them to see through ice.

C. Special proteins make their blood circulate too fast to freeze.

D. Ice crystals in their bodies are prevented from growing large enough to harm them.

这道题原文中的表述是no to the nioids这种南极鱼由于体内有某种蛋白质导致它们能在零度以下的水温里生存，很多同学看到C选项中的proteins直接选择了改答案，但是整句话中对proteins的解释和原文是不符的，是典型的细节迷惑型选项，正确答案为D，对proteins的正确解释。

解决方法

了解这种细节迷惑型选项的普遍存在性，注意解题时准确思考避让。

托福听力解题思维陷阱：不熟悉题型解题思路造成的问题

由于对题型的解题思路理解不透彻，不遵守，主观排除正确答案。

举个例子：

What had the man assumed about human impact on the environment?

A. That human impact on the environment is difficult to measure

B. That humans have only recently had an impact on the environment

C. That human impact on the environment is always harmful

D. That human impact on the environment cannot be avoided

这道题正确答案是C，很多同学认为C选项的描述过于绝对或者不符合事实所以直接主观排除，但是这道题的题干是一道转述型细节题，即问的是文中的男生过去认为人类对环境的影响是什么情况?C选项确实是原文中男生的想法。

解决方法

仔细研究托福听力部分的7种题型，遵守相应的解题原则。

2020托福听力练习：爬山熊帮助樱桃树种子迁徙

Picture a brave fireman carrying a pet from a burning building.

Now, imagine that global warming is the burning building, a cherry tree is the pet, and a bear is the fireman.

You've now got the gist of a new study that finds that cherry trees may be able to survive rising temperatures thanks to mountain-climbing bears that carry the cherry tree seeds to cooler climes.

It's projected that, over the next hundred years, temperatures on Earth could rise an average of nearly five degrees Celsius.

While some animals might be able to migrate north to escape the brunt of the heat, plants can't uproot themselves quite so easily.

But researchers wondered whether the creatures that disperse plant seeds might be able to help.

So scientists spent three years sifting through the droppings of Asiatic bears, looking for cherry tree seeds.

And they found that the bears were indeed transporting the seeds to cooler locations—not by moving to higher latitudes, but higher altitudes.

Seems the bears snack on the fruits that are found at the foot of the mountains in spring and then make the climb to higher elevations to enjoy young leaves and buds and flowers, particularly as the season progresses.

The researchers could tell that seeds had been deposited higher up the mountain than they had been harvested by the ratio of their oxygen isotopes, which changes with altitude.

And the 300 or so meters the seeds ascended should buy the resulting trees a degree or two in heat relief.

The study is in the journal Current Biology.

The finding is good news for plants, like cherry trees, that fruit in spring.

Unfortunately, the results suggest that plants that fruit in fall, when bears are headed back down for hibernation, will have to hold out for a different animal hero.

Or for a bear with a bad sense of direction.

想象一下一位奋不顾身的消防队员将一只宠物从熊熊大火建筑物中抢救出来的情景。

现在，想象下全球变暖就是着火的建筑物，樱桃树就是那只宠物，而熊就是这位英勇的消防员。

现在你肯定已经或多或少了解到这项新的研究，那就是得益于爬山熊将樱桃树的种子带到凉爽的地区，这种树木才可以在高温条件下存活。

预计未来的100年中，地表平均温度将上升5摄氏度。

而很多动物可能会前往北部地区躲避高温，但植物却不能够轻易搬家。

但研究人员认为如果动物能够传播植物的种子可能会起到帮助。

因此科学家们历时三年仔细寻找亚洲熊粪便中的樱桃树种。

而结果他们发现发现亚洲熊实际上将种子带到了更为凉爽的地方—不是前往高纬度地区，而是到了高海拔地区。

亚洲熊在春天会以山脚下的水果为食，而随着季节的推进，它们就会爬到更高处享用那里的嫩叶，花蕾及花朵。

通过研究氧同位素的比例，研究人员发现随着海拔的变化，种子所在地区的海拔会升高。

种子所在地区的海拔每增加300米左右，温度就会降低1-2度。

这项研究已经在《当代生物学》杂志上发表。

这一发现对樱桃树等春天结果的植物是个利好消息。

但不幸的是，这项研究表明由于亚洲熊们已经去冬眠，因此秋天结果的植物就只能期待另外的救星。

或者是依赖一只方向感不太好的熊。

1.thanks to 由于;因为

例句:Thanks to that job I became an avid reader.

多亏了那份工作我才成了一个喜欢阅读的人。

2.be able to 能够

例句:If only I could get some sleep, I would be able to cope.

要是能睡上一会儿，我就能应付了。

3.look for 寻找

例句:I was just going to look for you and here you are.

我正要找你，恰好你来了。

4.cherry tree 樱桃树

例句:Plum was grafted on the cherry tree.

樱桃树上嫁接李子。

2020托福听力练习：狒狒的叫声遵循蒙采拉特定律

Communication on Twitter is artificially constrained:140 characters per tweet, max.

So it turns out the more words in a tweet, the shorter each word tends to be—at least according to one analysis.

Sort a makes sense on Twitter: there's a limited amount of space to play with.

But the weird thing is, that pattern—longer phrase, shorter words—also holds true in our everyday language too.

It's called Menzerath's law.

"And it's this idea of essentially compression in information."

Morgan Gustison, a psychologist at the University of Michigan.

"So Menzerath's Law, the way you define it is, the larger the whole, the smaller the parts."

Gustison and her colleagues tested out that rule of human language on the calls of geladas—relatives of baboons.

They analyzed more than a thousand of those call sequences—which are strung together from six distinct call types.

And they found that, just as the law would predict in human communication, the longer the gelada sequence, the shorter the constituent calls.

And the shorter the string? The longer the calls.

The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Gustison says the meaning of the calls is still a bit of a mystery.

But the fact that they obey the rule could suggest something important is going on.

"The interesting thing about it is it suggests there are universal principles that can underpin complex vocal systems.

And so the more you say, you find a more efficient way of saying it.

So that's what we think is going on with the geladas, is that they have so much to say, so they’re finding these strategies to make what they’re saying more efficient."

Might not be a bad thing to consider…the next time you have a lot of say.

在推特上交流会受到人工限制：每一篇最多是140个字符。

而最近的一项分析表明每篇推文内容越丰富，单词越简洁。

这似乎很合情理：因为推特只有有限的空间让用户进行分享。

狒狒叫声.jpg

但奇怪的是，这种较长的措辞，简洁的单词模式在我们的日常语言中也同样适用。

这被称为蒙采拉特定律。

“本质上这是一种信息压缩理念。”

密歇根大学的心理学家摩根·古斯特森说道。

因此蒙采拉特定律就如同其定义的一样，一种语言结构越长，则构成它的成分越短。

古斯特森和她的同事在人类的亲戚狒狒身上检测人类语言的这种规则。

研究人员对狒狒的上千种叫声序列进行了分析，而这些叫声由6种不同的声音类型串在一起。

而结果他们发现，就像蒙采拉特定律对人类交流信息的预测一样，狒狒叫声也遵循这种规律，声音序列时间越长，其组成部分越短。

那声音类型串越短会怎样?叫声越长。

这项研究已在《美国国家科学院院刊》杂志上发表。

古斯特森表示狒狒这种叫声有何意义仍是未解之谜。

但狒狒的叫声也遵循这种规律表明一些非常重要的事情。

“有趣的是复杂的发声体系背后蕴含着一些普遍的规则。

而你说的话越多，就会发现更为有效的表达方式。

我们认为狒狒的情况是，由于要交流的东西很多，因此它们采用这样的方式让其叫声更为有效。

下次当你在有很多话要说时，不妨考虑下这种规律。

1.turn out 关掉;结果是

例句:If I had known my life was going to turn out like this, I would have let them kill me.

如果我早知道自己的人生结局会是如此，我当时宁愿让他们杀了我。

2.at least 至少

例句:He's been away for at least a week.

他走了总有一个星期吧。

3.according to 根据

例句:Philip stayed at the hotel, according to Mr Hemming.

据亨明先生所说，菲利普住在旅馆里。

4.vocal system 发声系统

例句:As you are training your vocal system, watch the speed of your speaking.

在训练自己的发声系统时，要留意自己的语速。