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2020年山东新高考1卷化学试题及答案(学好网解答)

学大教育
来源:学大教育

2020-09-11 16:03:53 | 阅读:336

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现在你不玩命的学,以后命玩你。对于学生来说,任务就是学习,今天聊聊化学,化学不难,首先要把基础打扎实了,所谓基础就是元素周期表,上面常用的20个元素符号一定要将它们的特性熟记在心,这样才算是达到了化学的入门阶段。其次就是化学实验方程式,这些也是需要记忆的重要内容,很多同学认为化学方程式难,或者觉得自己想不通。看吧,一下是2020年山东新高考1卷化学试题及答案

以下试题如有排版问题请点击文末下载查阅

 

山东省2020年普通高中学业水平

化? 学

注意事项:

1.答卷前,考生务必将自身的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂别的答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1? C 12? O 16? Na 23? Cl 35.5? Fe 56

一、选择题:本题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.实验室中下列做法错误的是

A.用冷水贮存白磷?? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B.用浓硫酸干燥二氧化硫

C.用酒精灯直接加热蒸发皿???????? ????????????? ????????????? D.用二氧化碳灭火器扑灭金属钾的燃烧

2.下列叙述不涉及氧化还原反应的是

A.谷物发酵酿造食醋???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B.小苏打用作食品膨松剂

C.含氯消毒剂用于环境消毒??????? ????????????? ????????????? D.大气中NO2参与酸雨形成

3.短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大,基态X原子的电子总数是其比较高能级电子数的2倍,Z可与X形成淡黄色化合物Z2X2,Y、W比较外层电子数相同。下列说法正确的是

A.首要电离能:W>X>Y>Z??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B.简单离子的还原性:Y>X>W

C.简单离子的半径:W>X>Y>Z???? ????????????? ????????????? D.氢化物水溶液的酸性:Y>W

4.下列关于C、Si及其化合物结构与性质的论述错误的是

A.键能eqWmf183GmgAAAAAAAOAIwAEBCQAAAAAwVwEACQAAA6gBAAACAKMAAAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAFAAAAAQL/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AAAUAAAACAQEAAAAFAAAAAQL/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,所以C2H6稳定性大于Si2H6

B.立方型SiC是与金刚石成键、结构均相似的共价晶体,所以具有很高的硬度

C.SiH4中Si的化合价为+4,CH4中C的化合价为-4,所以SiH4还原性小于CH4

D.Si原子间难形成双键而C原子间能够,是由于Si的原子半径大于C,难形成eqWmf183GmgAAAAAAAIAEoAEBCQAAAAAwWwEACQAAA58BAAACAJcAAAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAFAAAAAQL/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5.采用下列装置(夹持装置略)开展实验,能达到实验目的的是

A.用甲装置制备并收集CO2

B.用乙装置制备溴苯并验证有HBr产生

C.用丙装置制备无水MgCl2

D.用丁装置在铁上镀铜

6.从中草药中提取的 calebin A(结构简式如下)可用于治疗阿尔茨海默症。下列关于 calebin A的说法错误的是

A.可与FeCl3溶液发生显色反应

B.其酸性水解的产物均可与Na2CO3溶液反应

C.苯环上氢原子发生氯代时,一氯代物有6种

D.1mol该分子比较多与8molH2发生加成反应

7.B3N3H6(无机苯)的结构与苯类似,也是有大π键。下列关于B3N3H6的说法错误的是

A.其熔点主要取决于所含化学课键的键能

B.形成大π键的电子所有由N提供

C.分子中B和N的杂化方式相同

D.分子中全部原子共平面

8.实验室分离Fe3+和Al3+的流程如下:

已知Fe3+在浓盐酸中生成黄色配离子[FeCl4]-,该配离子在乙醚(Et2O,沸点34.6℃)中生成缔合物eqWmf183GmgAAAAAAAIANYAIACQAAAADxUQEACQAAA1QCAAACANoAAAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAFAAAAAQL/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 。下列说法错误的是

A.萃取振荡时,分液漏斗下口应倾斜向下

B.分液时,应先将下层液体由分液漏斗下口放出

C.分液后水相为无色,说明已达到分离目的

D.蒸馏时选用直形冷凝管

9.以菱镁矿(主要成分为MgCO3,含少量SiO2/Fe2O3和Al2O3)为原料制备高纯镁砂的工艺流程如下:

已知浸出时产生的废渣中有SO2、Fe(OH)3和Al(OH)3。下列说法错误的是

A.浸出镁的反应为

B.浸出和沉镁的操作均应在较高温度下开展

C.流程中可循环使用的物质有NH3、NH4Cl

D.分离Mg2+与Al3+、Fe3+是采用了它们氢氧化物Ksp的不同

10.微生物课脱盐电池是一种高效、经济的能源装置,采用微生物课处理有机废水得到电能,另外可实现海水淡化。现以NaCl溶液模拟海水,利用惰性电极,用下图装置处理有机废水(以含 CH3COO-的溶液为例)。下列说法错误的是

A.负极反应为

B.隔膜1为阳离子交换膜,隔膜2为阴离子交换膜

C.当电路中转移1mol电子时,模拟海水理论上除盐58.5g

D.电池工作一段时间后,正、负极产生气体的物质的量之比为2:1

二、选择题:本题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分。每小题有一个或两个选项符合题目要求,所有选对得4分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分。

11.下列操作不能达到实验目的的是

 

目的

操作

A

除去苯中少量的苯酚

加入适量NaOH溶液,振荡、静置、分液

B

证明酸性:碳酸>苯酚

将盐酸与NaHCO3混合产生的气体直接通入苯酚钠溶液

C

除去碱式滴定管胶管内的气泡

将尖嘴垂直向下,挤压胶管内玻璃球将气泡排出

D

配制用于检验醛基的氢氧化铜悬浊液

向试管中加入2mL10%NaOH溶液,再滴加数滴2%CuSO4溶液,振荡

12.α-氰基丙烯酸异丁酯可用作医用胶,其结构简式如下。下列关于α-氰基丙烯酸异丁酯的说法错误的是

A.其分子式为 C8H11NO2

B.分子中的碳原子有3种杂化方式

C.分子中可能共平面的碳原子比较多为6个

D.其任一含苯环的同分异构体中至少有4种不同化学课环境的氢原子

13.利用惰性电极,以去离子水和氧气为原料根据电解法制备双氧水的装置如下图所示。忽略温度变化的影响,下列说法错误的是

A.阳极反应为

B.电解一段时间后,阳极室的pH未变

C.电解过程中,H+由a极区向b极区迁移

D.电解一段时间后,a极生成的O2与b极反应的O2等量

14.1,3-丁二烯与HBr发生加成反应分两步:首要步H+进攻1,3-丁二烯生成碳正离子();第二步Br -进攻碳正离子完成1,2-加成或1,4-加成。反应进程中的能量变化如下图所示。已知在0℃和40℃时,1,2-加成产物与1,4-加成产物的比例分别为70:30和15:85。下列说法正确的是

A.1,4-加成产物比1,2-加成产物稳定

B.与0℃相比,40℃时1,3-丁二烯的转化率增大

C.从0℃升至40℃,1,2-加成正反应速率增大,1,4-加成正反应速率减小

D.从0℃升至40℃,1,2-加成正反应速率的增大程度小于其逆反应速率的增大程度

15.25℃时,某混合溶液中eqWmf183GmgAAAAAAAGAagAIACQAAAADxRgEACQAAA9IDAAACAE8BAAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAFAAAAAQL/
//8ABQAAAC4BGQAAAAUAAAALAgAAAAAFAAAADAKAAmAaCwAAACYGDwAMAE1hdGhUeXBlAABwABIA
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QmFzaWNDb2RlUGFnZXMAEQVUaW1lcyBOZXcgUm9tYW4AEQNTeW1ib2wAEQVDb3VyaWVyIE5ldwAR
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D0EA9EX0JfSPQl9BAPQQD0NfQQDyHyCl8gol9I8h9BAPQQD0D0j0F/SPQQDyGl9EX0X0X0X0X0EP
DAEAAQABAgICAgACAAEBAQADAAEABAAFAAoBABAAAAAAAAAADwECAINjAAMAAQMADwABAA8BAgCB
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AAAAJgYPAAoA/////wEAAAAAABwAAAD7AhAABwAAAAAAvAIAAACGAQICIlN5c3RlbQBb3hdmWwAA
CgA4AIoBAAAAAAAAAAAU4hgABAAAAC0BAAAEAAAA8AEBAAMAAAAAAA==,1gc( CH3COOH)、1gc(CH3COO-)、lgc(H+)和lgc(OH-)随pH变化的关系如下图所示。Ka为CH3COOH的电离常数,下列说法正确的是

A.O点时,

B.N点时,

C.该体系中,

D.pH由7到14的变化过程中, CH3COO-的水解程度始终增大

三、非选择题:本题共5小题,共60分

16.(12分)用软锰矿(主要成分为MnO2,含少量Fe3O4、Al2O3)和BaS制备高纯MnCO3的工艺流程如下:

已知:MnO2是一种两性氧化物;25℃时相关物质的Ksp见下表。

物质

Fe(OH)2

Fe(OH)3

Al(OH)3

Mn(OH)2

Ksp

回答下列问题:

(1)软锰矿预先粉碎的目的是??????????? ,MnO2与BaS溶液反应转化为MnO的化学课方程式为??????? 。

(2)保持BaS投料量不变,随MnO2与BaS投料比增大,S的量达到比较大值后无明显变化,而Ba(OH)2的量达到比较大值后会减小,减小的原因是??????? 。

(3)滤液I可循环使用,应当将其导入到??????? 操作中(填操作单元的名称)。

(4)净化时需先加入的试剂X为??????? (填化学课式)。再使用氨水调溶液的pH,则pH的理论比较小值为_______(当溶液中某离子浓度时,可觉得该离子沉淀完全)。

(5)碳化过程中发生反应的离子方程式为????????????????????? 。

17.(12分)CdSnAs2是一种高迁移率的新型热电材料,回答下列问题:

(1)Sn为ⅣA族元素,单质Sn与干燥Cl2反应生成SnCl4。常温常压下SnCl4为无色液体,SnCl4空间构型为???????????? ,其固体的晶体类型为???????????? 。

(2)NH3、PH3、AsH3的沸点由高到低的顺序为???????????? (填化学课式,下同),还原性由强到弱的顺序为??????????? ,键角由大到小的顺序为???????????? 。

(3)含有多个配位原子的配体与同一中心离子(或原子)根据螯合配位成环而形成的配合物为螯合物。一种Cd2+配合物的结构如图所示, 1mol该配合物中根据螯合作用形成的配位键有???????? mol,该螯合物中N的杂化方式有????????? 种。

(4)以晶胞参数为单位长度建立的坐标系能够表示晶胞中各原子的位置,称作原子的分数坐标。四方晶系CdSnAs2的晶胞结构如下图所示,晶胞棱边夹角均为90°,晶胞中部分原子的分数坐标如下表所示。

坐标

原子

x

y

z

Cd

0

0

0

Sn

0

0

0.5

As

0.25

0.25

0.125

一个晶胞中有???????? 个Sn,找出距离Cd(0,0,0)比较近的Sn???????? (用分数坐标表示)。CdSnAs2晶体中与单个Sn键合的As有?????????? 个。

18.(12分)探究CH3OH合成反应化学课平衡的影响因素,有利于CH3OH的产率。以CO2、H2为原料合成CH3OH涉及的主要反应如下:

Ⅰ. ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

Ⅱ. ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

Ⅲ. eqWmf183GmgAAAAAAAEAVQAIACQAAAAARSQEACQAAA1gCAAACADABAAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAFAAAAAQL/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ZGVQYWdlcwARBsvOzOUAEgAIIS8n8l8hjyEvR19BUPIfHkFQ9BUPQQD0RfQl9I9CX0EA9BAPQ19B
APIfIKXyCiX0jyH0EA9BAPQPSPQX9I9BAPIaX0RfRfRfRfRfQQ8MAQABAAECAgICAAIAAQEBAAMA
AQAEAAUACgEAEAAAAAAAAAAPAQIAgUMAAgCBTwAPAAMAGwAACwEADwECAIgyAAAPAAEBAAoPAQIA
gigAAgCBZwACAIIpAAIEhisAKwIAgUgADwADABsAAAsBAA8BAgCIMgAADwABAQAKDwECAIIoAAIA
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CwEADwECAIgyAAAPAAEBAAoPAQIAgU8AAgCCKAACAIFnAAIAgikAAAAKAAAAJgYPAAoA/////wEA
AAAAABwAAAD7AhAABwAAAAAAvAIAAACGAQICIlN5c3RlbQBSexdmUgAACgA4AIoBAAAAAAEAAAAU
4hgABAAAAC0BAQAEAAAA8AEAAAMAAAAAAA==????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

回答下列问题:

(1)eqWmf183GmgAAAAAAAAALYAIACQAAAABxVwEACQAAA5QCAAACAO4AAAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAFAAAAAQL/
//8ABQAAAC4BGQAAAAUAAAALAgAAAAAFAAAADAJgAgALCwAAACYGDwAMAE1hdGhUeXBlAABgABIA
AAAmBg8AGgD/////AAAQAAAAwP///7f////ACgAAFwIAAAUAAAAJAgAAAAIFAAAAFAL0AGgKHAAA
APsCIP8AAAAAAACQAQAAAAAAAgAQVGltZXMgTmV3IFJvbWFuAODXGADYlFt1gAFfdfoQZhcEAAAA
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AQAAADN5wAEFAAAAFAKgAXcFHAAAAPsCgP4AAAAAAACQAQAAAAAAAgAQVGltZXMgTmV3IFJvbWFu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SAAPAAMAGwAACwEADwECAIgzAAAPAAEBAAoPAQIEhj0APQ8AAgCYBe8PAQIAgWsAAgCBSgACBIbF
ItcCAIFtAAIAgW8AAgCBbAAPAAMAHAAACwEBAQAPAQIEhhIiLQIAiDEAAAAAAAAKAAAAJgYPAAoA
/////wEAAAAAABwAAAD7AhAABwAAAAAAvAIAAACGAQICIlN5c3RlbQAX+hBmFwAACgA4AIoBAAAA
AAAAAAAU4hgABAAAAC0BAAAEAAAA8AEBAAMAAAAAAA==

(2)一定条件下,向体积为VL的恒容密闭容器中通入1 mol CO2和3 mol H2发生以上反应,达到平衡时,容器中CH3OH(g)为ɑ mol,CO为b mol,此时H2O(g)的浓度为????????? mol﹒L-1(用含a、b、V的代数式表示,下同),反应Ⅲ的平衡常数为?????????? 。

(3)不同压强下,按照n(CO2):n(H2)=1:3投料,实验测定CO2的平衡转化率和CH3OH的平衡产率随温度的变化关系如下图所示。

已知:CO2的平衡转化率=

CH3OH的平衡产率=eqWmf183GmgAAAAAAAOARoAQACQAAAABRSwEACQAAA7YFAAAEAE8BAAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAFAAAAAQL/
//8ABQAAAC4BGQAAAAUAAAALAgAAAAAFAAAADAKgBOARCwAAACYGDwAMAE1hdGhUeXBlAAAAARIA
AAAmBg8AGgD/////AAAQAAAAwP///8D///+gEQAAYAQAAAUAAAAJAgAAAAIFAAAAFAKkAUQBHAAA
APsCBf7jAAAAAACQAQAAAAEAAgAQU3ltYm9sAHXgFAqqODV/ABTbGADYlFt1gAFfda8cZjIEAAAA
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其中纵坐标表示CO2平衡转化率的是图?????????? (填“甲”或“乙”);压强p1、p2、p3由大到小的顺序为?????????? ;图乙中T1温度时,三条曲线几乎交于一点的原因是?????????? 。

(4)为另外CO2的平衡转化率和CH3OH的平衡产率,应选择的反应条件为???????? (填标号)。

A.低温、高压??? B.高温、低压?? C.低温、低压? D.高温、高压

19.(12分)化合物F是合成吲哚-2-酮类药物的一种中间体,其合成路线如下:

知:Ⅰ.

Ⅱ.

Ⅲ.

Ar为芳基;X=Cl,Br;Z或Z′=COR, CONHR,COOR等。

回答下列问题:

(1)实验室制备A的化学课方程式为?????????? ,A产率的办法是????????????? ;A的某同分异构体只有一种化学课环境的碳原子,其结构简式为?????????????? 。

(2)C→D的反应类型为??????????? ;E中含氧官能团的名称为??????????? 。

(3)C的结构简式为??????????? ,F的结构简式为??????????? 。

(4)Br2和的反应与Br2和苯酚的反应类似,以为原料合成,写出能得到更多目标产物的较优合成路线(其它试剂任选)。

20.(12分)某同学采用Cl2氧化K2MnO4制备KMnO4的装置如下图所示(夹持装置略):

已知:锰酸钾(K2MnO4)在浓强碱溶液中可稳定存在,碱性减弱时易发生反应:

回答下列问题:

(1)装置A中a的作用是????????????? ;装置C中的试剂为??????????????? ;装置A中制备Cl2的化学课方程式为????????????? 。

(2)以上装置存在一处缺陷,会导致KMnO4产率降低,改进的办法是??????????????? 。

(3)KMnO4常作氧化还原滴定的氧化剂,滴定时应将KMnO4溶液加入?????????? (填“酸式”或“碱式”)滴定管中;在规格为50.00mL的滴定管中,若KMnO4溶液起始读数为15.00mL,此时滴定管中KMnO4溶液的实际体积为????????????? (填标号)。

A.15.00 mL???? B.35.00mL???? C.大于35.00mL??? D.小于15.00mL

(4)某FeC2O4·2H2O样品中可能含有的杂质为Fe2(C2O4)3、H2C2O4·2H2O,利用KMnO4滴定法测定该样品的组成,实验步骤如下:

Ⅰ.取m g样品于锥形瓶中,加入稀H2SO4溶解,水浴加热至75℃。用 c mol﹒L-1的KMnO4溶液趁热滴定至溶液出现粉红色且30s内不褪色,消耗KMnO4溶液V1mL。

Ⅱ.向以上溶液中加入适量还原剂将Fe3+完全还原为Fe2+,加入稀H2SO4酸化后,在75℃继续用KMnO4溶液滴定至溶液出现粉红色且30s内不褪色,又消耗KMnO4溶液V2mL。

样品中所含的质量分数表达式为???????????????? 。

下列关于样品组成分析的说法,正确的是????????? (填标号)。

A.时,样品中一定不含杂质

B.越大,样品中含量一定越高

C.若步骤I中滴入KMnO4溶液不足,则测得样品中Fe元素含量偏低

D.若所用KMnO4溶液实际浓度偏低,则测得样品中Fe元素含量偏高


山东省2020年普通高中学业水平

化学课试题参考答案

一、选择题

1.D????????????? ????????????? 2.B????????????? ????????????? 3.C????????????? ????????????? 4.C????????????? ????????????? 5.C????????????? ????????????? 6.D????????????? ????????????? 7.A????????????? ????????????? 8.A????????????? ????????????? 9.B????????????? ????????????? 10.B

二、选择題

11.BC????????????? 12.C????????????? ????????????? 13.D????????????? ????????????? 14.AD????????????? ????????????? 15.BC

三、非选择题

16.(1)增大接触面积,充分反应,反应速率;

(2)过量的MnO2消耗了产生的Ba(OH)2

(3)蒸发

(4)H2O2;4.9

(5)

17.(1)正四面体形;分子晶体

(2)NH3、AsH3、PH3;AsH3、PH3、NH3;NH3、PH3、AsH3

(3)6;1

(4)4;(0.5,0,0.25)、(0.5,0.5,0);4

18.(1)+40.9

(2)

(3)乙;p1、p2、p3;T1时以反应Ⅲ为主,反应Ⅲ前后气体分子数相等,压强改变对平衡没有影响

(4)A

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及时蒸出产物(或增大乙酸或乙醇的用量);

(2)取代反应;羰基、酰胺基

(3)CH3COCH2COOH;

(4)

20.(1)平衡气压,使浓盐酸顺利滴下; NaOH溶液;

(2)在装置A、B之间加装盛有饱和食盐水的洗气瓶

(3)酸式;C

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;B、D

 

 

 

2020年山东新高考1卷化学试题及答案甜甜就先为大家讲解到这里了,希望可以帮到你些,若还有更多疑问,可以点击右下角咨询哦!我喜欢语文,因为它永远都使人充满好奇心,我们永远离不开语文,尤其是充满趣味的语文,我更对它充满依恋,充满喜爱,我喜欢你,有趣的、伟大的,充满神奇的语文!

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