统招专升本英语介词复习知识点

为了帮助准备参加2020年专升本考试的考生在考试中能取得一个优异成绩，库课李老师给考生整理了统招专升本英语介词复习知识点，希望考生认真查看。

介词复习及配套巩固练习

介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如 at, in, on, beside, to , for 等;另一种是短语介词，即

由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如 in front of, because of, out of, instead of 等;还有一种叫二重介词，如 until after, from

behind 等。

一、介词的句法功能

介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事

件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.

This is his reply to your letter. 这是他给你的回信。

This is the best way of doing it. 这是做此事超卓的方法。

2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.(表时间);

They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);

They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)

Don’t touch it with your hands. 别用手去摸它。

Did you do this by design or by accident? 你这样做是有意的还是无意的?

3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.

4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.

I found everything in good condition. 我发现一切正常。

Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。

二、主要介词区别

1. 表示地点位置的介词

1) at ,in, on, to

at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”

in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。

on 表示毗邻，接壤

to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤

He arrived at the station at ten.

He is sitting at the desk.

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

Jiangsu lies in the east of China.

Russia lies on the north of China.

Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.

2) above, over, on 在……上

above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below 相对;

over 指垂直的上方,与 under 相对,但 over 与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。

on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。

The bird is flying above my head.

There is a bridge over the river.

He put his watch on the desk.

3) below, under 在……下面

under 表示在…正下方

below 表示在……下，不一定在正下方

There is a cat under the table.

Please write your name below the line.

2. 表示时间的介词

1) in , on，at 在……时

in 表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

如 in the 20 th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties 等。

on 表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。

如 on May 1 st , on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon 等。

at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。

如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。

注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.

2) in, after 在……之后

“in +一段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;

“after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;

“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

My mother will come back in three or four days.

He arrived after five months.

She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.

3) from, since 自从……

from 仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久;

since 表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。

He studied the piano from the age of three.

They have lived here since 1978.

4) after, behind 在……之后

after 主要用于表示时间;

behind 主要用于表示位置。

We shall leave after lunch.

Lucy is hiding behind an old house.

3. 表运动方向的介词：across, through 通过，穿过

across 表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与 on 有关;

through 穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与 in 有关。

She swam across the river.

He walked through the forest.

4. 表示 “ 在 …… 之间 ” 的介词：between, among

between 指在两个人或两个事物之间;

among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.

The teacher is standing among the students.

注意： 但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于 between。如：Agreements were

made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用 between。如：The little valley

lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用 between。如：They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.

5. 表示其他意义的介词

1) on ,about 关于

on ：表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人

about: 表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。

There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.

He is writing a book on cooking.

He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.

2 ) by, with, in : 表示方法、手段、工具

by: 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

with : 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段;

in : 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

He makes a living by selling newspapers.

He broke the window with a stone.

The foreigner spoke to us in English.

3) except, besides 除了

except 除……之外，不包括在内;

besides 除……之外，包括在内。

Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

6 、in the corner, 表示在角落里，in 指角的内面

on the corner,表示“在角上”，on 指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意

at the corner ：“在拐角处”，at 指的是拐角外附近的外面

The lamp stands in the corner of the room.

I met with him at the street corner.

He sat on the corner of the table.

7 、 in the end, “最后”、“终于”，可单独使用，后不接介词 of。

at the end of, “在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。

by the end of ：“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。

In the end they reached a place of safety.

At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.

They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.

By the end of last month he had finished the novel.

8 、 besides: 指“除了……还有”(包含在内)

except ：指“除……之外”(不包含在内)

but ：与 except 意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在 no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything 等和其他疑问词后面。

except for ：指“除……之外”(排除的是不同类别的东西)

All went out besides me.

We study English besides maths and Chinese.

All went out except me.

I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.

His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。

9 、 in charge of ：“由谁负责、照顾、管理”，后面则跟照管的人物

in the charge of ：“由谁负责、照顾、管理”， 后面则跟照管的人

Who is in charge of the project?

The project is in the charge of an engineer.。

10 、 as ：“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.

like 作“象……一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲)。

11 、 in front of : “在……前面”的意思(在某物外部的前面)

in the front of ：“在……前部”的意思(在某物内部的前面)。

There is a desk in front of the blackboard./

The boy sat in the front of the car.。

12 、 in：通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park.

into ：表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.

三、 常见成语介词归类

1. 其他词+of

ahead of 在…之前，比…强 because of 因为

inside of 在…以内，少于 instead of 代替，而不

outside of 在…外面，除…外 regardless of 不顾，不管

2. 其他词+to

according to 根据 as to 至于，关于

contrary to 违反 due to 由于，由于…的原因

near to 在…的附近 next to 紧挨着，紧次于

owing to 因为，由于 thanks to 多亏，由于

3. in+ 其他词+of

in advance of 在…前面 in aid of 帮助

in behalf of 为了，为了…的利益 in case of 如果，万一，以防

in celebration of 庆祝 in charge of 负责，管理

in commemoration of 纪念，庆祝 in defence of 保卫

in explanation of 解释 in face of 面对

in favour of 赞成，主张 in front of 在…前面

in honor of 纪念，祝贺，欢迎 in memory of 纪念

in need of 需要 in place of 代替

in possession of 拥有 in praise of 称赞

in respect of 关于，就…而言 in search of 寻找，搜找

in sight of 看得见，在看见…的地方 in spite of 虽然，尽管

in support of 为了支持(拥护)… in view of 鉴于，考虑到

4. in+ 其他词+for

in exchange for 作为对…的交换 in preparation for 为…作准备

in return for 作为…的报答 in reward for 作为…的报酬

5. in+ 其他词+to

in addition to 加之，除…之外 in answer to 回答，响应

in contrast to [with] 与…形成对比 in opposition to 与…相反，反对

in reply to 作为对…的回答(答复) in response to 回答，响应

in [with] reference to 关于 in [with] regard to 关于

四、介词后接动词名词的常见搭配

1. 动词+ 介词 to+ 动名词

(1) admit to doing sth 承认做了某事

(2) apply to doing sth 适用于做某事

(3) object to doing sth 反对做某事

(4) see to doing sth 负责做某事

(5) stick to doing sth 坚持做某事

(6) take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事

2. 动词+ 宾语+ 介词 to+ 动名词

(1) apply oneself to doing sth 专心致力于做某事

(2) devote sth to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事

(3) devote oneself to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事

(4) limit sth to doing sth 把…限制在做某事的范围内

(5) reduce sb to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事

3. 动词+ 名词+ 介词 to+ 动名词

(1) give one’s life to doing sth 献身于做某事

(2) give one’s mind to doing sth 专心做某事

(3) have a dislike to doing sth 厌恶做某事

(4) have an eye to doing sth 注意做某事

(5) have an objection to doing sth 反对(反感)做某事

(6) pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

(7) set one’s mind to doing sth 决心做某事

4. be+ 形容词+ 介词 to+ 动名词

(1) be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事

(2) be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

(3) be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事

(4) be reduced to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事

(5) be devoted to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事

(6) be limited to doing sth 把…限制在做某事的范围内

5. 其他结构+ 介词 to+ 动名词

(1) get down to doing sth 开始做某事，认真处理某事

(2) look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事

(2) What do you say to doing sth? 你认为做某事如何?

【考点诠释】

考点 1 常见介词的活用

by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for 等是努力学习的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解

题的关键。下面是近年考查最多的几个介词，应掌握：

1.over 可表位置，意为“在……上方，越过;遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有

“在……(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。如：

①Y0u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’II look terrible.

你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。

②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。

③We heard it over the radio.我们从广播中听到了它。

2.by 的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近;乘(车、船等);不迟于;到……为止;被，由;根据，按照(关系);通过……方式”

等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by 构成的常见短语有：

by and by 不久，迟早 by and large 大体上

by oneself 单独 by the way 顺便说说

by far……得多，最…… by chance 碰巧

by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助

by no means 绝不，一点也不 by mistake 错误地

①The water in the river rose by two meters.河水上涨了两米。

②He is an Englishman by birth.他在血统上是英国人。

3.with 可以用来表示“带有，拥有;随着;就……来说;用，以;和，与;对于，关于”等意思。with 还可用来表示原因。

如：

①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。

②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.

从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。

4.beyond 这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多，但它却是一个考查热点。beyond 表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于;

(位置)在……那边，超出……之外;(范围)超过，为……所

不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：

①They arrived beyond nine o’clock.他们过了 9：00 才到。

②The book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。

③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths.汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。

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